Japan is a dream destination for many travellers, offering a perfect mix of ancient traditions and cutting-edge modernity. With its efficient transport system, deep-rooted customs, and countless cultural sites, Japan is an exciting but complex country to navigate. For first-time visitors, getting around major cities like Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima may seem daunting, but with the right knowledge, your trip can be smooth and unforgettable.
From mastering the bullet train to understanding local etiquette, this guide provides essential tips to help you explore Japan with confidence.
Understanding Japan’s Transportation System
Japan is known for having one of the world’s most efficient and reliable transport networks. While it may seem complicated at first, learning the basics will save you time and money.
1. Japan Rail Pass – Your Best Friend for Long-Distance Travel
If you’re planning to visit multiple cities, the Japan Rail Pass (JR Pass) is the most cost-effective way to travel. This pass grants unlimited travel on JR trains, including the famous Shinkansen (bullet train). A one-week pass often costs less than a round-trip bullet train ticket from Tokyo to Hiroshima, making it an excellent investment.
2. Mastering Tokyo’s Train System
Tokyo’s train system consists of JR lines, private railways, and subway networks. The Suica or Pasmo card is a must-have for contactless payments on trains, buses, and even at convenience stores. Be aware that certain subway lines are operated by different companies, so transfers may require extra fares.
3. Getting Around Kyoto and Osaka
Unlike Tokyo, Kyoto’s main attractions are best accessed by buses, as the train network does not cover many of the historic sites. The Kyoto City Bus One-Day Pass offers unlimited rides for a flat fee, making sightseeing easy.
Osaka, on the other hand, has a compact subway system with clear English signage, making it simple to navigate. If you’re planning to visit Universal Studios Japan, take the JR Yumesaki Line to Universal City Station.
4. Visiting Hiroshima – The Ease of the Shinkansen
Hiroshima is well-connected by the Shinkansen, making it an easy day trip from Osaka (approximately 90 minutes). The Hiroshima Electric Railway (Hiroden), Japan’s oldest tram network, is a charming way to explore the city once you arrive.
Cultural Etiquette Every Traveller Should Know
Respect is deeply ingrained in Japanese society, and understanding local etiquette will enhance your experience and interactions
1. Bowing – The Universal Gesture of Respect
Bowing is a key part of Japanese culture. A small nod is sufficient for casual greetings, while a deeper bow signifies gratitude or apology. Avoid shaking hands unless initiated by a local.
2. Train Etiquette – Silence is Golden
Public transport in Japan is incredibly quiet, as talking loudly is considered rude. Keep phone conversations to a minimum and be mindful of priority seating for the elderly and disabled.
3. Removing Shoes Indoors
Many traditional places, such as temples, ryokan (traditional inns), and even some restaurants, require visitors to remove their shoes before entering. Always wear socks to avoid going barefoot in shared spaces.
4. Handling Cash and Cards
Unlike many modern countries, Japan is still a cash-oriented society. While major cities accept credit cards, rural areas may only take cash. When handing money to cashiers, use the small tray provided instead of giving it directly to them—a small but important cultural norm.
Must-Visit Attractions in Tokyo, Kyoto, Osaka, and Hiroshima
Each of these cities offers a unique experience, from Tokyo’s futuristic skyline to Kyoto’s ancient temples.
1. Tokyo – A Fusion of Modernity and Tradition
• Shibuya Crossing – The world’s busiest pedestrian crossing, a must-see in Tokyo.
• Shinjuku Gyoen – A tranquil garden offering a peaceful escape from the city’s energy.
• Senso-ji Temple – Tokyo’s oldest temple, located in Asakusa, filled with history and bustling street markets.
• Akihabara – A paradise for anime, gaming, and tech enthusiasts.
2. Kyoto – The Cultural Heart of Japan
• Fushimi Inari Shrine – Famous for its thousands of torii gates winding through the forest.
• Kinkaku-ji (Golden Pavilion) – A stunning Zen temple covered in gold leaf, surrounded by scenic gardens.
• Arashiyama Bamboo Forest – A breathtakingly serene destination perfect for photography and meditation.
• Gion District – The historic area known for its preserved streets, geisha culture, and tea houses.
3. Osaka – The Nation’s Kitchen and Entertainment Hub
• Dotonbori – A neon-lit street filled with famous Osaka street food like takoyaki and okonomiyaki.
• Osaka Castle – A grand historical landmark with panoramic views of the city.
• Shinsekai – A retro district with nostalgic charm and deep-fried kushikatsu skewers.
• Universal Studios Japan – A must-visit for Harry Potter and theme park fans.
4. Hiroshima – A City of Peace and Remembrance
• Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park & Museum – A moving tribute to the victims of the atomic bomb, dedicated to promoting peace.
• Miyajima Island & Itsukushima Shrine – Famous for the floating torii gate, one of Japan’s most iconic sights.
• Shukkeien Garden – A beautifully landscaped traditional garden that offers a peaceful retreat.
Day Trips and Hidden Gems for Extra Exploration
If time allows, consider visiting some lesser-known destinations near these cities:
• Nikko (from Tokyo) – A UNESCO-listed site with ornate temples and stunning waterfalls.
• Nara (from Kyoto or Osaka) – Home to the friendly bowing deer and Todai-ji Temple, which houses a giant Buddha.
• Kobe (from Osaka) – Famous for Kobe beef and a scenic waterfront with European-influenced architecture.
• Himeji (from Hiroshima or Osaka) – Visit Himeji Castle, Japan’s most impressive and well-preserved samurai-era castle.
Conclusion
Japan is an incredible country that offers something for every traveller, whether you’re drawn to history, food, nature, or city life. By mastering the transportation system, respecting local etiquette, and visiting must-see attractions, you can make the most of your first trip to Japan. From the neon lights of Tokyo, the ancient temples of Kyoto, the vibrant energy of Osaka, to the historical significance of Hiroshima, each city offers a unique experience that will leave you eager to return.
With a little planning and an open mind, navigating Japan will be an exciting adventure rather than an overwhelming challenge. Get ready to embrace the beauty, culture, and efficiency of Japan—your unforgettable journey awaits!
